Skeletal maturation of the cervical vertebrae: association with various types of malocclusion.

The identification of the skeletal maturation stage of the cervical vertebrae has proven an important reference for orthodontic diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between the skeletal maturation stage of the cervical vertebrae and types of malocclusion according to the age and gender of participants. A total of 361 individuals (168 males and 193 females) between 8 and 14 years of age were selected from a convenience sample. Malocclusions were diagnosed through study models using the Angle classification. Maturation stages of the cervical vertebrae were determined using the method proposed by Hassel and Farman. Statistical analysis involved the chi-square test (p £ 0.05) and multiple logistic regression (forward stepwise procedure). Significant differences were observed between the stage of skeletal maturation of the cervical vertebrae and gender at ages 11, 12 and 14 years. Males with Class II malocclusion were twice as likely to be in Stage 1 or 2 of cervical vertebra maturation than individuals with Class I malocclusion (OR = 2.1 [CI 95%, 1.33-3.18]). There were no differences between individuals with Class I and Class III malocclusions. The association between skeletal maturation of the cervical vertebrae and type of malocclusion was significant, suggesting a skeletal component in the determination of Class II malocclusions.

Skeletal maturation of the cervical vertebrae: association with various types of malocclusion

The identification of the skeletal maturation stage of the cervical vertebrae has proven an important reference for orthodontic diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between the skeletal maturation stage of the cervical vertebrae and types of malocclusion according to the age and gender of participants. A total of 361 individuals (168 males and 193 females) between 8 and 14 years of age were selected from a convenience sample. Malocclusions were diagnosed through study models using the Angle classification. Maturation stages of the cervical vertebrae were determined using the method proposed by Hassel and Farman. Statistical analysis involved the chi-square test (p £ 0.05) and multiple logistic regression (forward stepwise procedure). Significant differences were observed between the stage of skeletal maturation of the cervical vertebrae and gender at ages 11, 12 and 14 years. Males with Class II malocclusion were twice as likely to be in Stage 1 or 2 of cervical vertebra maturation than individuals with Class I malocclusion (OR = 2.1 [CI 95%, 1.33-3.18]). There were no differences between individuals with Class I and Class III malocclusions. The association between skeletal maturation of the cervical vertebrae and type of malocclusion was significant, suggesting a skeletal component in the determination of Class II malocclusions.

Crohn's disease: clinical manifestations of orthodontic interest.

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammation of the small intestine; it can involve other organs, such as the skin, eyes, lungs, and joints. Oral manifestations are common, especially ulcers and stomatitis, which macroscopically and histologically resemble those found in the gastrointestinal tract. However, orthodontic alterations are not yet known. This article reviews aspects related to the diagnosis of Crohn's disease and clinical considerations for an orthodontic patient.

Correlations between dentoskeletal variables and deep bite in Class II Division 1 individuals.

This study aimed to evaluate the cephalometric pattern of Class II Division 1 individuals with deep bite, and to determine possible correlations between dentoskeletal variables and deep bite. Comparisons were also made between genders and cases that were to be treated both with and without premolar extraction. A total of 70 lateral cephalograms were used, from both male (n = 35) and female (n = 35) individuals with an average age of 11.6 years, who simultaneously presented with ANB ≥ 5º and overbite ≥ 4 mm. Statistical analysis involved parametric (t-test) and non-parametric (Mann-Whitney) tests for independent samples, as well as the Spearman correlation test (p ≤ 0.05). The values of Go-Me, Ar-Pog, PM-1 and PM-CMI were higher in males (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found among the averages of the cephalometric measurements when the sample was divided by treatment with and without extraction. Deep bite was positively correlated to the PM-1 and SNA measurements, and negatively correlated to the Go-Me, Ar-Pog, SNB and SNGoMe measurements. The main factors associated with the determination of deep bite in Angle's Class II Division 1 cases were: greater lower anterior dentoalveolar growth and/or lower incisor extrusion, horizontal growth pattern, maxillary protrusion and mandibular retrusion.

Correlations between dentoskeletal variables and deep bite in Class II Division 1 individuals

This study aimed to evaluate the cephalometric pattern of Class II Division 1 individuals with deep bite, and to determine possible correlations between dentoskeletal variables and deep bite. Comparisons were also made between genders and cases that were to be treated both with and without premolar extraction. A total of 70 lateral cephalograms were used, from both male (n = 35) and female (n = 35) individuals with an average age of 11.6 years, who simultaneously presented with ANB > 5º and overbite > 4 mm. Statistical analysis involved parametric (t-test) and non-parametric (Mann-Whitney) tests for independent samples, as well as the Spearman correlation test (p < 0.05). The values of Go-Me, Ar-Pog, PM-1 and PM-CMI were higher in males (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found among the averages of the cephalometric measurements when the sample was divided by treatment with and without extraction. Deep bite was positively correlated to the PM-1 and SNA measurements, and negatively correlated to the Go-Me, Ar-Pog, SNB and SNGoMe measurements. The main factors associated with the determination of deep bite in Angle's Class II Division 1 cases were: greater lower anterior dentoalveolar growth and/or lower incisor extrusion, horizontal growth pattern, maxillary protrusion and mandibular retrusion.

Determining skeletal maturation stage using cervical vertebrae: evaluation of three diagnostic methods.

The aim of the present study was to compare the use of three cervical vertebral evaluation methods (Hassel-Farman, Baccetti et al., and Seedat-Forsberg) for determinating skeletal maturation stage in orthodontic patients. Twenty-three radiographs were randomly selected from a private orthodontic practice. Each radiograph was analyzed on three separate occasions by four evaluators (one radiologist and three orthodontists), who determined the skeletal maturation stage using the references established by each of the three methods. Intraevaluator and interevaluator comparisons were performed, and the degree of agreement was established using the weighted Kappa coefficient (95% CI). Good agreement (Kappa between 0.61 and 0.80) was observed between the determinations of most of the evaluators. The three methods demonstrated clinical applicability. However, the method proposed by Baccetti et al. achieved the best results, followed by the Hassel-Farman and the Seedat-Forsberg methods.

Determining skeletal maturation stage using cervical vertebrae: evaluation of three diagnostic methods

The aim of the present study was to compare the use of three cervical vertebral evaluation methods (Hassel-Farman, Baccetti et al., and Seedat-Forsberg) for determinating skeletal maturation stage in orthodontic patients. Twenty-three radiographs were randomly selected from a private orthodontic practice. Each radiograph was analyzed on three separate occasions by four evaluators (one radiologist and three orthodontists), who determined the skeletal maturation stage using the references established by each of the three methods. Intraevaluator and interevaluator comparisons were performed, and the degree of agreement was established using the weighted Kappa coefficient (95 percent CI). Good agreement (Kappa between 0.61 and 0.80) was observed between the determinations of most of the evaluators. The three methods demonstrated clinical applicability. However, the method proposed by Baccetti et al. achieved the best results, followed by the Hassel-Farman and the Seedat-Forsberg methods.

Short-root anomaly in an orthodontic patient.

Short-root anomaly is a rare condition, but it can be a problem for orthodontists and their patients. Our aim in this article was to report the treatment of an orthodontic patient with short-root anomaly, highlighting the diagnostic aspects involved and the strategy used.

Severe root resorption in orthodontic patients treated with the edgewise method: prevalence and predictive factors.

INTRODUCTION: Our aims in this study were to assess the prevalence of severe root resorption and identify possible associations in orthodontic patients treated with the edgewise method. METHODS: The sample included 1049 patients who had periapical radiographs taken for all incisors before and after treatment. The radiographs were examined by 2 orthodontists using an x-ray viewer with standard light intensity. These variables were collected: root shape, overbite, initial resorption, and hypodontia. The patients were classified according to sex, Angle classification, ethnicity, age, duration of treatment, type of dentition (mixed or permanent), and treatment with or without extraction of 4 premolars. Resorption was considered severe when it affected more than a third of the length of the root. Statistical analysis included the chi-square test and both simple and multiple logistic regression (P < or =0.05). RESULTS: Severe root resorption was observed in 14.5% of the sample. Patients treated with exodontia of the first premolars (odds ratio [95% CI] = 6.38 [4.2-9.7]), those who had triangle-shaped roots at the beginning of treatment (odds ratio [95% CI] = 4.67 [3.1-6.9]), and those with initial root resorption (odds ratio [95% CI] = 4.52 [2.7-7.6]) had a greater chance of developing severe root resorption during orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of severe root resorption was observed in Brazilian patients treated with the edgewise method. The main factors directly involved in severe resorption were extraction of first premolars, triangle-shaped roots, and root resorption before treatment.

Evaluation of mandibular length in subjects with Class I and Class II skeletal patterns using the cervical vertebrae maturation.

The aim of this study was to compare the mandibular size in boys and girls with Class I and Class II skeletal patterns, taking into consideration the bone maturation stage, as defined by the cervical vertebrae maturation. One hundred and sixty cephalometric radiographs were obtained from subjects (aged between 7 and 12 years) with Class I or Class II skeletal patterns, according to the ANB angle and WITS appraisal. The Class I sample consisted of 80 subjects (40 boys, 40 girls). The Class II sample also consisted of 80 subjects (40 boys, 40 girls). On a cross-sectional basis, mandibular length (Co-Gn) was compared between groups and genders. The between-stages changes were also evaluated, with the cervical vertebrae analysis used for establishing the bone maturation stages at CS2, CS3, CS4 and CS5. The results were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. The mandibular length differed between skeletal patterns only at the earlier stages of development. In the Class I pattern, the mandibular lengths of boys were greater than those of girls at stages CS2, CS4 and CS5, whereas in the Class II pattern, the mandibular lengths of boys were greater than those of girls at stages CS2, CS3 and CS4. The present results indicate a sexual dimorphism in the mandibular length at almost all stages of bone maturation, in exception of the CS5 stage in Class II.

Evaluation of mandibular length in subjects with Class I and Class II skeletal patterns using the cervical vertebrae maturation

The aim of this study was to compare the mandibular size in boys and girls with Class I and Class II skeletal patterns, taking into consideration the bone maturation stage, as defined by the cervical vertebrae maturation. One hundred and sixty cephalometric radiographs were obtained from subjects (aged between 7 and 12 years) with Class I or Class II skeletal patterns, according to the ANB angle and WITS appraisal. The Class I sample consisted of 80 subjects (40 boys, 40 girls). The Class II sample also consisted of 80 subjects (40 boys, 40 girls). On a cross-sectional basis, mandibular length (Co-Gn) was compared between groups and genders. The between-stages changes were also evaluated, with the cervical vertebrae analysis used for establishing the bone maturation stages at CS2, CS3, CS4 and CS5. The results were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. The mandibular length differed between skeletal patterns only at the earlier stages of development. In the Class I pattern, the mandibular lengths of boys were greater than those of girls at stages CS2, CS4 and CS5, whereas in the Class II pattern, the mandibular lengths of boys were greater than those of girls at stages CS2, CS3 and CS4. The present results indicate a sexual dimorphism in the mandibular length at almost all stages of bone maturation, in exception of the CS5 stage in Class II.

Epidemiologic profile and quality of life of patients treated for oral cancerin Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Objectives: To assess the quality of life of patients treated for oral cancer, analyzing their physical, social/family,functional and emotional well-being; to identify socioeconomic and clinical functional variables that maypotentially influence their quality of life; to describe the patients’ epidemiologic profile (sex and age) and tumorfeatures (histopathology, anatomical location and stage); to identify the frequency of risk factors associated withthe malignancy. Study design: Observational cross-sectional study-case series study undertaken in 2 cancer treatmentinstitutions in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 2000 and 2007. Results: Of the 88 registered oralcancer patients, 16 were selected for the study sample. The majority of the study sample (87%) included males,with a mean age of 57.06 years; 43.8% were retired; 50% had not completed elementary education. Most (56.3%)had a monthly income of less than the minimum wage. Most (83.7%) smoked before cancer diagnosis and 43.8%from this sample continued to smoke after treatment. In addition, those who drank alcohol before treatmentcontinued drinking (31.3%). The tongue was the predominant anatomic site (37.5%). The patients’ quality of lifescore was fair; the best result was for emotional well-being. Conclusions: Despite the limitations imposed by lowsurvival, it was possible to evaluate the quality of life of these patients. Patients having a family income higherthan the minimum monthly wage scored significantly better in final indexes FACT-G and FACT-HN than thosewith a lower income (AU)

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Epidemiologic profile and quality of life of patients treated for oral cancer in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the quality of life of patients treated for oral cancer, analyzing their physical, social/family, functional and emotional well-being; to identify socioeconomic and clinical functional variables that may potentially influence their quality of life; to describe the patients' epidemiologic profile (sex and age) and tumor features (histopathology, anatomical location and stage); to identify the frequency of risk factors associated with the malignancy. STUDY DESIGN: Observational cross-sectional study-case series study undertaken in 2 cancer treatment institutions in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 2000 and 2007. RESULTS: Of the 88 registered oral cancer patients, 16 were selected for the study sample. The majority of the study sample (87%) included males, with a mean age of 57.06 years; 43.8% were retired; 50% had not completed elementary education. Most (56.3%) had a monthly income of less than the minimum wage. Most (83.7%) smoked before cancer diagnosis and 43.8% from this sample continued to smoke after treatment. In addition, those who drank alcohol before treatment continued drinking (31.3%). The tongue was the predominant anatomic site (37.5%). The patients' quality of life score was fair; the best result was for emotional well-being. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limitations imposed by low survival, it was possible to evaluate the quality of life of these patients. Patients having a family income higher than the minimum monthly wage scored significantly better in final indexes FACT-G and FACT-HN than those with a lower income.

Anquilosis condilar mandibular unilateral - relato de caso clínico / Unilateral mandibular condylar ankylosis - a case report

La anquilosis de la  A.T.M. es  una patología clasificada conforme el local donde ocurre, el tipo de tejido envuelto y su extensión. El tratamiento debe ser quirúrgico, con remoción del cóndilo e interposición de algún tipo de material autógeno o alo plástico en el espacio formado

The anquilose of TMJ it is a pathology classified the place where happens accordingly, type of involved fabric and her extension. The treatment should be surgical, with removal of the condyle and interference of some type of autogenous material or aloplastic in the formed space

Prevalência de Alterações Dentárias em Crianças de 2 a 13 Anos de Idade em Três Corações, Minas Gerais, Brasil: Estudo Radiográfico / Prevalence of Dental Alterations in 2-13-year-old Children in the City of Três Corações, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência de alterações dentárias através da avaliação de radiografias panorâmicas iniciais de arquivo do Curso de Especialização em Odontopediatria da Faculdade de Odontologia de Três Corações/MG. Método: Foram analisadas 335 radiografias de pacientes com faixa etária variando dos 2 aos 13 anos, gêneros feminino e masculino. A análise foi feita por meio de negatoscópio e lupa e constou da detecção dos seguintes achados: dentes supranumerários, anodontias, dentes com alterações periapicais (granuloma, abscesso crônico e cisto radicular), perda precoce de dentes, giroversão e taurodontia. Resultados: Foram totalizadas 181 radiografias de pacientes portadores de alterações dentárias, assim distribuídas em ordemde crescente: 204 dentes perdidos precocemente, 120 lesões apicais, 30 anodontias, 20 girovertidos, 12 taurodontias e 4 supranumerários. Conclusão: A prevalência de dentes perdidos precocemente e lesões apicais foi alta, comparando-se com as outras alterações dentárias.

Avaliação radiográfica periapical dos níveis de reabsorção radicular de incisivos superiores após tratamento ortodôntico / Periapical radiographical assessment of superior incisors' root reabsorption levels after orthodontic treatment

Neste trabalho foram avaliados os níveis de reabsorções radiculares apicais externas em decorrência da movimentação ortodôntica e a sua relação com as formas das raízes, gênero e tratamento com e sem extração de quatro premolares. A amostra utilizada foi composta de 47 pacientes, sendo 22 do gênero masculino e 25 do gênero feminino, com idade variando entre 9 e 29 anos. Foram utilizadas radiografias periapicais de incisivos superiores, obtidas antes e após o tratamento ortodôntico. Os pacientes foram tratados através da técnica stright wire e edgewise, por professores e alunos do curso de especialização em ortodontia e ortopedia facial da Universidade Vale do Rio Verde de Três Corações. Para avaliação dos níveis de reabsorção radicular externa e da forma radicular indizidas pela movimentação ortodôntica foi utilizada a classificação de Levander e Malmgren (1988) e Consolaro (2002). A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada utilizando-se o teste de mann-whitney (p<0,05). Através dos resultados pôde-se verificar que a reabsorção radicular apical externa ocorreu em 100 por cento dos casos, apresentando níveis variados. Os incisivos centrais e laterais superiores não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre si quanto à severidade de reabsroções radiculares. Dentes com raízes de forma abaulada ou romboidal, pacientes do gênero feminino e casos tratados com extrações de premolares apresentaram, significativamente, maior reabsorção radicular apical externa ao final do tratamento ortodôntico.

Avaliação cefalométrica em norma lateral entre indivíduos classe I e II esqueléticas com a maturação óssea das vértebras cervicais / Cephalometric evaluation in lateral norm between skeletal class I and II individuals with the bone maturation of the cervical vertebraes

OBJETIVO: o objetivo deste trabalho foi averiguar a existência de diferenças no efetivo da face média (Co-A) entre indivíduos dos gêneros masculino e feminino, leucodermas, apresentando padrões esqueléticos Classe I e Classe II, na faixa etária dos sete aos treze anos, apresentando as mesmas fases de maturação óssea das vértebras cervicais. METODOLOGIA: a amostra foi formada por 160 radiografias cefalométricas laterais de indivíduos sem prévio tratamento ortodôntico ou ortopédico facial. RESULTADOS: os resultados mostraram não existir diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os indivíduos com padrão esquelético Classe I e padrão esquelético Classe II, nem entre os gêneros masculino e feminino. Apenas a variação da medida Co-A na fase 1 (iniciação) de maturação das vértebras cervicais foi estatisticamente menor do que as demais fases (2 = aceleração, 3 = transição e 4 = desaceleração) nos dois grupos estudados. CONCLUSÃO: dessa forma, concluímos que tanto indivíduos apresentando padrões esqueléticos Classe I como Classe II, dos gêneros masculino e feminino, apresentaram o comprimento efetivo da face média semelhante, nas fases de maturação óssea das vértebras cervicais estudadas.

AIM: to discover the existence of differences in the maxilla length ( Co-A) among individuals of the male and female genres, leucoderms, presenting skeletal Class I and Class II, in the age group from seven to thirteen years, presenting the same phases of maturation of the cervical vertebraes respectively. METHODS: the sample was formed by 160 radiographics lateral cefalometrics of individuals without previous orthodontic or orthopedic facial treatment. RESULTS: the results showed no statistical significant differences between the individuals with skeletal Class I and Class II, nor among the male and female genres. Just the variation of the Co-A measure in the phase 1 (initiation) of maturation of the cervical vertebraes was statistical smaller than the other phases (2, 3 and 4) in the two studied groups. CONCLUSIONS: with that, we concluded that so much individuals presenting skeletal Class I as Class II, of the male and female genres, they present similar maxilla length, not having influence of the phases of bone maturation of the cervical vertebraes.

Cirurgião-dentista e o conhecimento acerca das normas éticas e legais de elaboração e manutenção da documentação odontológica / The dental surgeon and the acquaintance with the ethical and legal norms on the preparation and maintenance over the dentistry paper work

O conhecimento e aplicação das normas éticas e legais em relação à elaboração e manutenção da documentação odontológica, relativa ao atendimento de pacientes em consultórios, são de fundamental importância para todos que exercem a odontologia. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo verificar o nível de conhecimento do cirurgião-dentista acerca destas normas, baseadas no Código de defesa do Consumidor, Código Civil Brasileiro e Código de Ética Odontológica. O material utilizado foi um questionário com 11 questões de múltipla escolha, entregue a 50 cirurgiões-dentistas, na cidade de Betim-MG, e os mesmos responderam de acordo com seus conhecimentos e atuações. Após análise dos resultados, concluímos que a desinformação dos cirurgiões-dentistas entrevistados é relevante, visto que os mesmos não realizam corretamente procedimentos como: confeccionar duas vias de prescrição medicamentosa, orientação pré e pós-operatória, atestados, arquivar prontuários por 20 anos, produzir xerox do modelo para arquivá-lo e utilizar contrato de prestação de serviço.

Posicionamento condilar em pacientes classes I, II e III de Angle: avaliação através de radiografias transcranianas / Condilar positioning in patients with malocclusions of Angle class I, II and III: evaluation through transcranial x-rays

O propósito deste trabalho foi comparar a posição da cabeça da mandíbula na cavidade articular em pacientes portadores de más oclusões classes I, II e III de Angle. Foram utilizadas radiografias transcranianas das articulações temporomandibulares de 50 pacientes assintomáticos, dos gêneros masculino e feminino, com idade entre 18 e 25 anos, encaminhados para tratamento odontológico na Clínica Integrada da UNICOR- Três Corações. Para comparar valores dos espaços articulares anterior, superior e posterior tanto em máxima interscupidação quanto em repouso para os lados direito e esquerdo, foi utilizado o teste de Kruskal-Wallis (p<0,05). Os resultados permitiram concluir que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os lados direito e esquerdo para a maioria das medidas dos espaços articulares em máxima intercuspidação e em repouso, entre os tipos de más oclusões. Em relação ao deslocamento condilar, nos casos de classe I, ocorreu posicionamento condilar concêntrico em maior proporção, nos casos de classe II houve predominância da posição posteriorizada, e na classe III os côndilos apresentaram maior tendência para deslocamento anterior. Concluiu-se que o posicionamento condilar na cavidade articular varia significativamente entre os tipos de maloclusão de Angle, sendo a radiografia transcraniana um exame complementar que pode contribuir para o diagnóstico das maloclusões, bem como das alterações da ATM

Oral manifestations of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy: a case report.

Albright hereditary osteodystrophy is a hereditary metabolic disorder of dominant autosomal etiology that is commonly characterized by short stature, round face, small metacarpus and metatarsus, mental retardation, osteoporosis, subcutaneous calcification, variable hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia. In this study, we report a clinical case of a 17-year-old woman with Albright hereditary osteodystrophy, and we discuss her clinical, radiographic, and laboratory test characteristics together with the oral manifestations, and we correlate them with the characteristics found in the literature. We also discuss the odontological management of treatment of related periodontal disease and planning for corrections of related malocclusions.